REVIEW BABY CORN-2

Syarat Tumbuh

Baby corn dapat tumbuh pada daerah berketinggian 0-1.300 m dpl dan dapat hidup baik di daerah yang beriklim panas atau dingin dengan temperatur sekitar 23 – 27° C dan pH sekitar 5,5 – 7,0. Tanah yang disukai baby corn adalah tanah yang gembur, kaya akan humus, dan tingkat kemiringan yang tidak lebih dari 8%. Namun demikian, baby corn masih dapat berproduksi tinggi pada tanah yang tidak terlalu subur asalkan mendapatkan pemeliharaan yang teliti. Seperti juga jagung, baby corn dapat ditanam secara tumpang sari atau secara rotasi dengan padi.

Pedoman Budidaya

PENANAMAN Baby corn tidak perlu disemaikan, melainkan langsung ditanam pada lahan yang telah diolah. Bersamaan saat pengolahan lahan, pemupukan dengan pupuk kandang sebanyak sekitar 2 ton/ha dilakukan. Kemudian buatlah lubang tanam berjarak 75 x 15 cm beserta saluran air (drainase). Setelah pengolahan lahan selesai, benih segera dimasukkan ke dalam lubang tanam disertai pemberian Furadan atau Indofuran sebanyak 1- 2 g, dan sedikit jerami padi yang tidak berjamur. Setelah itu, lubang tanam ditutupi dengan tanah. Sebelum ditanam, benih perlu dicampur dengan Ridomil berdosis S g/7,5 ml air untuk setiap 1 kg benih. Bersamaan dengan penanaman benih, lakukanlah pemupukan dasar, yaitu dengan Urea 100 kg/ha, TSP 228 kg/ha, KCl 72 kg/ha, dan ZA 50 kg/ha. Pupuk diberikan dengan cara ditugal pada jarak sekitar 5 cm dari tiap lubang tanam. PEMELIHARAAN Penyiangan dilakukan sesering mungkin agar baby corn jangan sampai terganggu gulma. Pada hari ke-20, dilakukan pembumbunan yang dibarengi dengan pemberian Urea sebanyak 100 kg/ha. Pemberian Urea diulangi kembali saat tanaman berumur 40 hari setelah tanam, yaitu sebanyak 100 kg/ha. Untuk menjamin kesempurnaan struktur daun dan pertumbuhan tongkol yang optimal, serta untuk mencegah serangan penyakit bulai pada baby corn, kita dapat memberikan garam inggris. Cara pemberian garam inggris adalah mencampurkan garam itu dengan air, perbandingannya 4:1. Campuran itu disemprotkan pada tanaman selang seminggu sekali selama 4 minggu berturut-turut (minggu I, II, III, IV). Pemberian/penyiraman air cukup dilakukan sekali sehari apabila tidak turun hujan. Jika kondisi lahan sangat kering, penyiraman dapat ditambah agar tanaman tidak kekeringan, terutama pada saat pertumbuhan dan pembungaan. Pemeliharaan yang lain adalah pembuangan bunga jantan (detasseling) yang dilakukan setelah bunga jantan keluar, tetapi belum sempat mekar (sekitar 5-6 minggu setelah tanam). Caranya adalah batang digoyang perlahan-lahan agar pelepah daun agak melebar. Selanjutnya tangkai bunga jantan dicabut dengan tangan.

REVIEW BABY CORN-1

Baby corn atau biasa disebut jagung semi atau jagung putri sebenarnya merupakan tongkol jagung yang dipanen waktu muda (belum berbiji). Mulanya sayuran ini hanya sebagai hasil sampingan panen jagung sehingga jumlahnya relatif sedikit dan sukar didapatkan di pasaran.

Manfaat

Padahal sayuran ini sudah lama dikenal di Indonesia dan umumnya dipakai dalam masakan sehari-hari atau perhelatan (pesta), antara lain dalam masakan cap cay, sop, oseng-oseng, dan sebagainya.

BABY CORN

Baby corn or candle corn is a cereal grain taken from corn (maize) harvested early while the ears are very small and immature. Baby corn ears are hand-picked from the branches as soon as the corn silks emerge from the ear tips, or a few days after. Corn generally matures very quickly, so the harvest of baby corn must be timed carefully to avoid ending up with more mature corn ears. The stalk grows to only 61 cm high, thereby making the harvest much easier. Baby corn ears are typically 4.5 cm to 10 cm in length and 7 mm to 17 mm in diameter. Many varieties of specialized corn plants are used to produce baby corn, which is an important crop in Thailand and Taiwan.

Baby corn typically is eaten whole–cob included—in contrast to mature corn, whose cob is considered too tough for human consumption. Baby corn is eaten both raw and cooked. Fresh baby corn that has not been canned or pickled should be cooked for flavor and texture. Baby corn is most common in Asian cuisine. In Thai cookbooks, it is referred to as candle corn.

sweet corn cultivation-3

Common Problems

Diseases: Stewart's wilt (bacterial disease spread by flea beetle); smut (especially on white varieties); stunt (transmitted by leafhopper)
Insects: corn earworm, European corn borer, flea beetle, Japanese beetle (eats silks), corn sap beetle (damages kernels after husk is loosened)
Other: birds eating seed, raccoons eating mature ears of corn, gardener's impatience (picking too soon)
Cultural: poor kernel development (failure to fill out to the tip) caused by dry weather during silking stages, planting too close, poor fertility (especially potassium deficiency), or too few rows in block resulting in poor pollination. Lodging (falling over) from too much nitrogen.

Harvesting and Storage

Days to Maturity: 63 to 100
Harvest: when husk is still green, silks dry-brown, kernels full size, and yellow or white color to the tip of the ear; and at "milky" stage (use thumbnail to puncture a kernel - if liquid is clear the corn is immature, if milky it's ready, and if no sap, you're too late). Cover unharvested ears checked by this method with paper bag to prevent insect or bird damage. Experienced gardeners can feel the outside of the husk and tell when the cob has filled out. Corn matures 17 to 24 days after first silk strands appear; more quickly in hot weather, slower in cool weather.
Approximate Yields (per 10 feet of row): 5 to 10 pounds or roughly 10 to 20 ears
Amount To Raise per Person: : 20 to 30 pounds or about 40 to 60 ears
Storage: refrigerate immediately to prevent sugars from turning to starch; cold (32F), moist (95% RH) conditions; will keep four to eight days, but standard varieties will become starchy after a few days
Preservation: frozen on cob or off; canned

sweet corn cultivation-2

Cultural Practices

Sweet corn varieties differ significantly in time to maturity and in quality; yellow, white, bi-color, standard, and extra-sweet varieties are available. Most varieties planted are hybrids which have been bred for greater vigor and higher yields. A continuous harvest can be planned by planting early, mid-season, and late-season varieties or by making successive plantings of the same variety every two weeks or when the last planting has three to four leaves (corn sown in early spring will take longer because of cool temperatures). Use only the earliest varieties for July plantings to ensure a good fall crop. Fall-maturing sweet corn will almost always be the highest quality, since cool nights in September increase sugar content.
Pollination is a very important consideration in planting sweet corn. Because corn is wind-pollinated, block plantings of at least three to four short rows will be pollinated more successfully than one or two long rows. Good pollination is essential for full kernel development.
Most of the various types of corn will cross pollinate readily. To maintain the desirable characteristics and high quality, extra-sweet and standard-sweet corn should be isolated from each other. A distance of 250 feet or planting so that maturity dates are two weeks apart is necessary to ensure this isolation. Sweet corn plantings must be isolated from field corn, popcorn, and ornamental corn as well. White and yellow types will also cross pollinate, but the results are not as drastic.
The newly developed extra-sweet or super-sweet types convert sugar into starch more slowly than standard varieties. They are not necessarily sweeter than just-picked old favorites (though some cultivars are), but they will retain their sweetness after harvest longer than usual. Super-sweet varieties may be less creamy than standard varieties due to genetic differences. This characteristic decreases the quality of frozen or canned super-sweet corn, though newer cultivars of extra-sweets show improvement.
Early maturing varieties tend to be relatively small plants (called "coon corn" by old-timers because the ears are easy for raccoons to reach). These should be planted in rows 30 inches apart with plants 8 to 9 inches apart. For medium to large plant varieties, use a 36-inch row spacing with plants 12 inches apart in the row. Be sure to plant a block of rows for good pollination and full ears.
Some gardeners are interested in growing "baby corn," such as that found in salad bars and gourmet sections of the grocery store. Baby corn is immature corn, and many varieties are suitable, but "Candystick," with its 1/4-inch cob diameter at maturity, is a good one to try, especially since its dwarf habit means it takes up less space in the garden. Harvesting at the right time is tricky; silks will have been produced, but ears not filled out yet. Experimentation is the best way to determine when to harvest baby corn.
It is not necessary to remove "suckers" or side shoots that form on sweet corn. With adequate fertility, these suckers may increase yield, and removing them has been shown, in some cases, to actually decrease yield.
Mulching is a useful practice in corn growing because adequate moisture is required from pollination to harvest to guarantee that ears are well filled. Since main crops of corn usually ripen during Virginia's drier periods, it is especially critical to maintain soil water supplies. Mulching reduces the need for supplemental watering and keeps the moisture content of the soil fairly constant. Most organic mulches are suitable; newspaper held down with a heavier material on top is an excellent moisture conserver in corn.
Normally, sweet corn is ready for harvest about 20 days after the first silks appear. Corn that is going to be stored for a day or two should be picked in the cool temperatures of early morning to prevent the ears from building up an excess of field heat, which causes a more rapid conversion of sugars to starch. Of course, the best time to pick is just before eating the corn; country cooks say to have the pot of water coming to a boil as you are picking the corn, husking it on the way from the garden to the house! This is an exaggeration, but with standard varieties, sugar conversion is rather rapid. Field heat can be removed from ears picked when temperatures are high by plunging the ears into ice water or putting them on ice for a short time. Then store in the refrigerator until ready to use. Extra-sweet varieties will also benefit from this treatment, but they are not as finicky.

sweet corn cultivation-1

Environmental Preferences

Light: sunny
Soil: deep, well-drained loam
Temperature: warm (60 to 75 degrees F)
Moisture : average
 

Culture

Planting: seed after danger of frost is past; extra-sweet varieties should be planted when soil temperatures reach 65F.
Spacing: 9 to 12 inches x 24 to 36 inches; minimum of three rows side by side (preferably four rows) to ensure good pollination.
Hardiness: Tender annual
Fertilizer Needs: heavy feeder; sidedress when plants are 12 to 18 inches high with 3 tablespoons 10-10-10 per 10 feet of row.

Translations: Sweet Corn

Language	Translations (or nearest inflections or synonyms, in parentheses)
Bohemian	kukuruz (corn, maize, mauze, sweet corn), kukuřice cukrová (sweet corn), kukuřice (corn, maize, Indian corn, corned, Indian wheat). Additional references: Bohemian, Czech Republic, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Brazilian Portuguese	milho (corn, maize, Indian corn, corn meal, Indian ink), milho-doce (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn), Milho verde (sweet corn). Additional references: Brazilian Portuguese, Portugal, Angola, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Central Danish	sukkermajs (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn). Additional references: Central Danish, Denmark, Germany, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Cestina	kukuruz (corn, maize, mauze, sweet corn), kukuřice cukrová (sweet corn), kukuřice (corn, maize, Indian corn, corned, Indian wheat). Additional references: Cestina, Czech Republic, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Chinese Simplified	甜玉米穗 (sweet corn), 甜玉米 (sweet corn). Additional references: Chinese Simplified, China, Brunei, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Chinese Traditional	甜玉米穗 (sweet corn), 甜玉米 (sweet corn). Additional references: Chinese Traditional, China, Brunei, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Czech	kukuruz (corn, maize, mauze, sweet corn), kukuřice cukrová (sweet corn), kukuřice (corn, maize, Indian corn, corned, Indian wheat). Additional references: Czech, Czech Republic, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Danish	sukkermajs (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn). Additional references: Danish, Denmark, Germany, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Dansk	sukkermajs (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn). Additional references: Dansk, Denmark, Germany, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Dari	ذرت هندى (sweet corn). Additional references: Dari, Iran, Indo-European, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Deutsch	Zuckermais (sweet corn), Mais (corn, maize, Indian corn, mealies, corm), der Mais (corn, Indian corn, maize, mealie, mealies). Additional references: Deutsch, Germany, Austria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Dutch	suikermais (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn). Additional references: Dutch, Netherlands, Aruba, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Finnish	sokerimaissi (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn). Additional references: Finnish, Finland, Russia (Europe), sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Français	maïs sucré (sweet corn), maïs doux (sweet corn), maïs (maize, corn, Indian corn, mealies, sweet corn). Additional references: Français, France, Algeria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
French	maïs sucré (sweet corn), maïs doux (sweet corn), maïs (maize, corn, Indian corn, mealies, sweet corn). Additional references: French, France, Algeria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
German	Zuckermais (sweet corn), Mais (corn, maize, Indian corn, mealies, corm), der Mais (corn, Indian corn, maize, mealie, mealies). Additional references: German, Germany, Austria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Hanguk Mal	사탕옥수수 (sweet corn). Additional references: Hanguk Mal, Korea, South, Korea, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Hanguohua	사탕옥수수 (sweet corn). Additional references: Hanguohua, Korea, South, Korea, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
High German	Zuckermais (sweet corn), Mais (corn, maize, Indian corn, mealies, corm), der Mais (corn, Indian corn, maize, mealie, mealies). Additional references: High German, Germany, Austria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Hochdeutsch	Zuckermais (sweet corn), Mais (corn, maize, Indian corn, mealies, corm), der Mais (corn, Indian corn, maize, mealie, mealies). Additional references: Hochdeutsch, Germany, Austria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Hungarian	csemegekukorica (sweet corn, corn, Sweetcorn). Additional references: Hungarian, Hungary, Austria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Italian	mais dolce (sweet corn, sweetcorn), granturco (corn, maize, Indian corn, mealies, grist), mais (maize, corn, Indian corn, sweet corn). Additional references: Italian, Italy, Croatia, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Japanese	スイートコーン (sweet corn), 甘い穀物 (sweet corn, sweet-corn). Additional references: Japanese, Japan, Taiwan, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Korean	사탕옥수수 (sweet corn). Additional references: Korean, Korea, South, Korea, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Magyar	csemegekukorica (sweet corn, corn, Sweetcorn). Additional references: Magyar, Hungary, Austria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Parsi	ذرت هندى (sweet corn). Additional references: Parsi, Iran, Indo-European, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Persian	ذرت هندى (sweet corn). Additional references: Persian, Iran, Indo-European, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Persian (Farsi)	ذرت هندى (sweet corn). Additional references: Persian (Farsi), Iran, Indo-European, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Portuguese	milho (corn, maize, Indian corn, corn meal, Indian ink), milho-doce (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn), Milho verde (sweet corn). Additional references: Portuguese, Portugal, Angola, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Potawatomi	wishpumnuk (sweet corn). Additional references: Potawatomi, USA, Canada, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Pottawotomi	wishpumnuk (sweet corn). Additional references: Pottawotomi, USA, Canada, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Ruotsi	sockermajs (sweet corn, sweet-corn, maize, sugar maize). Additional references: Ruotsi, Sweden, Finland, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Sjaelland	sukkermajs (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn). Additional references: Sjaelland, Denmark, Germany, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Slovene	sladka koruza (sweet corn). Additional references: Slovene, Slovenia, Austria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Slovenian	sladka koruza (sweet corn). Additional references: Slovenian, Slovenia, Austria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Slovenscina	sladka koruza (sweet corn). Additional references: Slovenscina, Slovenia, Austria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Spanish	maíz dulce (sweet corn, maize, sugar maize), Maiz Tierno (sweet corn, flour corn, soft corn, soft maize, squaw corn), maíz tierno (sweetcorn, sweet corn, flour corn, soft corn, soft maize), mazorca (ear, cob, corncob, panicle, truss), maíz para choclo (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn). Additional references: Spanish, Spain, Mexico, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Suomea	sokerimaissi (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn). Additional references: Suomea, Finland, Russia (Europe), sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Suomi	sokerimaissi (maize, sugar maize, sweet corn). Additional references: Suomi, Finland, Russia (Europe), sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Svenska	sockermajs (sweet corn, sweet-corn, maize, sugar maize). Additional references: Svenska, Sweden, Finland, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Swedish	sockermajs (sweet corn, sweet-corn, maize, sugar maize). Additional references: Swedish, Sweden, Finland, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Taino	ector (soft corn, sweet corn). Additional references: Taino, Bahamas, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)
Turkish	tane mısır (sweet corn), mısır (corn, Egypt, maize, Indian corn, corny). Additional references: Turkish, Turkey, Bulgaria, sweet corn. (volunteer & more translations)